By placing rooms correctly by cardinal directions, you will help create a good microclimate and also later save on heating and lighting. Placing absolutely every room in the house according to specialist advice will not work, so in the process of planning the house decide which rooms are the "most important" for you, and for the rest you can find a compromise layout or improve the microclimate in them by other means.
South — the most valuable side. In summer, a high midday sun. In winter, deep sun penetration into the room.
As sun protection, awnings, roof overhangs, blinds, and plantings of trees and shrubs are used. Terraces, verandas, winter gardens, playrooms and living rooms work very well on the south side.
North — the least sunny side, even lighting, cold winter winds. Large windows are needed for sufficient daylight, but they reduce the thermal protection of the room, so it is better to use artificial lighting to a greater extent and to place utility rooms, garages and boiler rooms on the north side.
East — good light in the morning, pleasant warmth in summer, strong cooling in winter. A favorable side for bedrooms and breakfast areas. Studies work well here if you work from home. On the east side it is better to lay lawns and plant low shrubs that do not block the rising morning sun.
West — the windiest side, exposed to precipitation. Deep penetration of dazzling sunlight in the afternoon and the overheating associated with it. To protect from winds, precipitation and overheating, a shelterbelt of trees is recommended on the west side.
And as an example I will show several house plans with a possible orientation of the rooms by cardinal directions:
1. House with an attic and a garage.
2. One-story house.
A plot for building a house can also be chosen with an eye on its position by cardinal directions. The best plots lie on the south, southwest and west sides of the city.
That is where the prevailing winds blow from. The north and east sides are better suited to industry.
